In the book “The Years of Ata”, written by Mr. Attaullah Qadri – a Baha’i exile and one of the biggest Baha’i missionaries in the west of the country – the financial issues of the Baha’is are mentioned.
A box is brought once in every banquet or party for 19 days. Funds are poured into these funds by children, which is a kind of education for Baha’i children so that they can learn about this issue and continue. These aspects have two parts: one is the inclinations of the mind and the other is the rights of Allah.
The rights of Allah must be spent on God’s rights and they are not allowed to spend inside the country and it is for the House of Justice! These funds are sent to Israel by multinational companies through third countries. Even Shoghi Effendi – the third leader of the Baha’is – allowed the Baha’is to buy all the land around Mount Carmel and did not accept it from others. Iranians even sold some of their own property due to their enthusiasm and interest in this matter, and sent the funds that caused the expansion of the great Bahá’í organization, but it is interesting that the Bayt al-Adl, because it is a cover from Israel, is exempted from financial exemption in Israel has
The Law of God is a law taken from the Kitab Aqdas (1873 edition), which was implemented five years after it was written by Baha’u’llah, in 1878 AD. According to the Holy Book, the rights of God are among the spiritual duties of Baha’is, such as fasting and prayer. Demanding God’s rights from Baha’is is not permissible, and it is up to the individual to follow this law, that is, one cannot do it on behalf of another. Before Shoghi’s death, Baha’u’llah, Abdu’l-Baha, and Shoghi were the authority to receive God’s rights, and after them, the House of Justice was designated as the authority to receive it [1]. Until 1992, the implementation of this ruling was obligatory only for Iranian Baha’is. After that, the implementation of this ruling in the 1992 Message of Rezvan became necessary for the Baha’is of the world. [9] Paying God’s rights increases the spiritual connection of individuals with institutions. The place of expenditure is the income obtained from the payment of God’s rights, social economic development projects or humanitarian and charitable activities.[10]
Although many details of the calculation of God’s rights are the responsibility of the individual and his family, but according to the Holy Book, members of the Baha’i community are obliged to pay 19% of their property and assets after deducting the necessary and required expenses as God’s rights. According to the circumstances, every Baha’i person may pay Allah’s dues one or more times. For example, if the property or gold is transferred from one person to another, through sale or inheritance, the new owner must pay Allah’s rights.[11]
The first Trustee of Allah’s Rights, a person named Shah Muhammad from the people of Manshad, known as Amin al-Bayan, was appointed by Baha’u’llah for Iran in 1878 and was in charge of Allah’s Rights for 5 years. Then the implementation of this law was extended to the Baha’is of the Middle East. After him, a person named Mulla Abulhasan Ardakani, known as Haji Aminaz, was responsible for Allah’s rights from 1881 to 1928. The next appointed persons were Haji Gholam Reza, Waliullah Varga and Ali Mohammad Varga respectively (Figure 1). Abdu’l-Bahá also made the priests responsible for receiving God’s rights, and at the present time this responsibility rests with the House of Justice. In 1985, some other countries were required to pay Allah’s rights, and in 1991, the Office of Allah’s Rights was established in Haifa. [12] Until 2007, the person in charge of the Institute of Laws of Allah was one of Amrullah’s followers, named Ali Mohammad Warqa. In 2005, this organization changed its name to Allah’s Rights Institute, and today it coordinates the efforts of more than 33 national and regional delegations of human rights around the world, and these delegations, in turn, coordinate more than 1,000 representatives of human rights[13]. . The implementation of this ruling allows the House of Justice to provide funds for socio-economic development projects in progress in all continents.
The tips
Another financial source of Bahá’í organizations is donations or property donated by Bahá’ís. From one point of view, donations (donated property) and support of the fund is a meritorious matter, especially for Baha’is who contribute to the progress of the blessed cause with their property[15]. Therefore, Bahá’ís should not under any circumstances accept money from non-Bahá’í sources for the advancement of administrative activities and Bahá’í organizations[16]. According to the message of the House of Justice, between a believer and the Bahá’í charity fund, there is a very deep connection, regardless of his economic conditions. Every Baha’i person can donate to the donation fund on behalf of another person, and there is no age limit for doing this. All Baha’i contributions and donations must be presented to the treasurer of the spiritual community and spent for the advancement of the divine cause in that land and country [17].
Therefore, in the December 31, 1995 message addressed to the continental advisers, the Supreme Court emphasizes the importance of promoting the concept of donations:
“The important task ahead of you is to cultivate the ability to spend financial resources in a wise and effective manner in the institutions and organizations that are involved in the implementation of the plan. In addition, you should make an extra effort to educate all members of the Baha’i community, old and new, young and old, to understand the concept of donations.
For an example of the actual performance of the funds, we can refer to the building of Mashreq Al-Azkar, India, called Lotus. During the ten-year plan of the Great Jihad (1952-1963), Shoghi gave a mission to the members of the Indian National Conference to prepare land for the construction of the future Mashriq al-Azkar of this subcontinent in Delhi. Due to the efforts of the National Spiritual Assembly of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon, about a year later, a 9,000 square meter stone land far from the city of Delhi was offered for purchase. The cost of buying the land at that time was 140,000 rupees (about $14,000), which was a huge sum for members of the small Baha’i community in India. After many efforts by the members of the Iranian National Forum to provide the necessary funds for the purchase of land, a Zoroastrian-Bahai named Ardeshir Rostampour, a resident of the city of Hyderabad, India, donated all the required amount to two members of the Iranian National Forum named Esfandiar. Bakhtiari and Abbas Ali Bat [18]. Finally, the land of this building was purchased during Hayat Shoghi and its foundation stone was laid in 1977 by the spirit of Maxwell and it was put into use in 1986.
The Office of Socio-Economic Development in the Global Center states in a document entitled “Social Action” that one of the financial resources (financial resources of the Bahá’í Organization) for the implementation of socio-economic development plans is the donations that are specifically given for social action.
Wealthy Bahá’ís have played a special role in the development of the Bahá’í cause in their respective communities. Before the victory of the Islamic revolution in Iran, this group of Baha’is, with the help of other Baha’is in the body of the imperial system, started to create new economic opportunities and covered the desired issues and provided great help in providing the financial resources of the Baha’i organization. After the Islamic revolution and the migration of Baha’is abroad, some of them or their children, by being present in developed countries such as America, Canada, Australia, South Africa and China, created superior economic opportunities and at the same time to develop the affairs of their society and They worked hard in the desired areas of Bayt al-Adl. In the first part of this episode, we will briefly introduce the activities of Hejbar Yazdani and Habibullah Thabit Pasal in the Pahlavi era. In the second part, while naming some wealthy Baha’i people abroad, we mention some of their current services to the community.
During the Pahlavi era, some Baha’is engaged in economic activities using the ruling atmosphere of the country, the support of Baha’is who hold positions in the government and the money of some Baha’is. Their various companies under the management of Amana Company created a strong economic institution. In this section, we briefly mention the economic activities of only two Baha’is, namely Hejbar Yazdani and Habibullah Thabit.
Hejbar Yazdani:
Hejbar Yazdani (1934-2010) was an activist in the animal husbandry and agriculture industry and later expanded his economic activities to the fields of banking, real estate, antiques and jewelry.
At first, he turned to buying and selling sheep as a supplier of meat needed by Tehran, and then started building agricultural and animal husbandry complexes and related processing industries in different regions of Iran such as Gorgan and Gonbad, Shirvan, Qochan, Isfahan and Sistan and Baluchistan. . Companies such as Shahin Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Ki Khosro Agriculture and Livestock Company, Arya Zameen Meat, Isfahan, Qazvin, Qochan, Shirvan and Shahzand Sugar Factories, Pakris Spinning and Weaving Company, and Zadit Shoe and Iran Shoe Companies were among the companies owned by him [20 ]. By receiving a loan of several hundred million tomans from the Ministry of Agriculture, which was managed by a Baha’i person named Mansour Rouhani at that time, he was able to plant hundreds of kilometers of land around Quchan Road under sugar beet cultivation[21]. Also, with the support of Timsar Ayadi, he forcibly took over the pastures of the Muslim villagers around Sangsar for the development of his animal husbandry [22].
In the next step, Hejbar became interested in the capital market and banking. Apparently, he had unlimited credit with the support of Timsar Nasiri, the head of Savak at the time, and he planned to gain huge profits by controlling a major part of the banking system [23]. At first, he managed to buy part of the shares of Saderat Bank (Dariush), but then he became the main shareholder of Iranian Bank [24]; Yazdani even resorted to threats and intimidation to get the shares of Agricultural Development Bank and entered the office of the head of this bank with armed men.[25]
Another sector that Hejbar Yazdani invested in was the field of land and construction. He bought Plasco, Aluminum and Burj Sepehr buildings[25]. Also, by using the political support of Timsar Ayadi and the money of other Baha’is, he took over vast lands in Bakhtran, Mazandaran and Isfahan.[26]
Another field in which Hejbar was present was jewelry and antiques. He had a diamond ring that he bought at an auction in London for five million dollars. He also gave an antique necklace belonging to Catherine II to Shams Pahlavi [27].
And in this way he was at the disposal of the House of Justice to provide financial resources for the Bahá’í organization, and he had built a dignified and royal life for himself.
Habib Thabit:
Habib Thabit (1903-1990), known as Thabit Pasal, was a Baha’i Jew among the Baha’i economic activists in Iran before the revolution. He started his economic activities with a bicycle repair and rental shop, and then, with the guidance of Baha’i leaders inside and outside of Iran, the capital of Amanaa Company and loans and bank credits, he expanded his economic activities in various fields, including transportation, import and supply of supplies. It developed automobiles, wood and wood industries, cosmetics, food, home appliances and television. Table 1 shows a condensed summary of his activities in various economic fields. [28]
Along with these economic successes, he always served the community in different ways. He was a member of Iran National Association for 20 years. In 1934, when the Shah ordered the closing of Baha’i schools in Iran, he went to Haifa with his wife Bahra Khamseh on behalf of the Iranian National Assembly for consultation and met with Shoghi. He always took help from his relations with state officials to support and protect the cause. In 1955, when Hojjat-ul-Islam Muhammad Taqi Falsafi announced in a radio speech that the Baha’i centers should be destroyed, he met with the Shah, ministers and other important people under Shoghi’s guidance. As a result of his actions and the connection of the Jahai Center with the United Nations, the situation changed and the army was ordered to protect the Baha’is. Because of this, Shoghi gave him the nickname “Naser al-Din”[29]. In addition, the purchase of houses around Hazira al-Quds in Tehran, the walling of the lands of Mashreq al-Dhakar in Loizan, helping to build the National Conference of Pakistan, the porch of the supreme authority in Mount Carmel-Haifa, hiring Baha’is in his own factories and inviting 2 to 3 thousand people and providing Their fee to participate in the 100th birthday celebration of Bahá’u’lláh in London was one of the services he ordered.
In the current era, Baha’is of Iran have focused on various fields such as import and retail sales of glasses, gold market, currency and capital, chain retail companies, major distribution of spare parts and have been able to benefit from their economic activities and help the society of Iran. to develop the Baha’i faith in this country as well. Of course, due to the lack of accurate and documented statistics, we cannot mention the details of these activities. Wealthy Baha’is abroad are no exception to this and have always tried to develop the Baha’i cause through institutions inspired by the Baha’i religion.
Hussain Social
As one of the Bahá’í financiers in the service of providing financial resources for the Bahá’í organization, Hossein Al-Majjai went to America in 1973 to continue his studies in the field of computers. Since the completion of his master’s degree in computer science coincided with the victory of the Islamic Revolution, he decided to stay in America. He then entered the business in the field of oil and petroleum products by purchasing a gas station in the Spen Hill area of Maryland, and in 2001 he established a company in the field of providing services to gas stations and distributing oil and its derivatives. This company is the largest company in the field of trading oil and its derivatives on the east coast of America, which has more than 400 personnel and its annual profit is more than two million dollars.[31]
With the support of his wife and daughter, he established the “Abdul Hossein and Getty Social Foundation”. The aim of this institute is to help institutions to further promote art, education and human rights. During these years, this institution has made a lot of efforts to collect money, so that it has been able to participate in charity works in the amount of 400 thousand dollars. Another example of his direct presence in the community is the establishment and support of Clinton Farm. In September 2011, he donated 25 hectares of his personal land to care for children at risk. With the cooperation of the National Child and Family Center, it has provided these temporary local facilities for the care of 40 children [32
Sohail Abedian
He was born in Iran in 1349, completed his primary education in Iran and then migrated to Austria with his family and succeeded in obtaining a master’s degree in architecture from the University of Austria. He immigrated to Australia in 1981 and in 1983 he founded Sun London Construction Company in Brisbane, Queensland. The construction of 30,000 houses, a 6-star hotel and the 322-meter Q1 tower and the Faculty of Architecture of Bund University are some of his activities [33]. Currently, the value of his assets is over 20 million dollars [34]. He worked for some time in the Australian National Association and is currently the President of the Gold Coast Local Association. In 2002, he founded the San Leandra Foundation. The purpose of establishing this foundation is humanitarian activities in the field of study and research in the field of health along with the preaching programs of the Baha’i faith. This foundation has four international schools in poor areas of Zambia, Mongolia, Tanzania and Papua New Guinea[35]. Among his other activities is a speech at Tedax entitled “Human Flourishing”. In this speech, he explains the foundations of the economic and social development plan [36]. In another speech titled “Is the clergy the solution to today’s economic problems?”, he points out that the class divide has destroyed the cohesion of the society. Then he points out the absence of an economic system in the Baha’i faith and adds that based on Shoghi’s statement, the House of Justice will propose a global economic system based on the texts of the Baha’i faith and economists in the future, on which the new world order will be based. The activity of Baha’is in institutions and empowering children, adolescents and young people will lead to planting the seeds of the new Baha’i order. [37]
Institutions inspired by the Baha’i faith
One of the pillars of the socio-economic development program implemented by the Baha’is is the establishment of Amri institutions. From this point of view, the existing institutions in the society are divided into three groups. Bahá’í institutions that contain the word Bahá’í and are a part of the administrative institutions. The second group of institutions are inspired by the Baha’i religion. This means that they are founded by private individuals and there is no Baha’i name in them. The third category are institutions that are operated by non-Bahá’ís but under their direction. The formation and activity of institutions in the second and third categories are in the form of non-governmental organizations (SEMAN).
The activities of institutions inspired by the Baha’i religion are formed in the forms of education, women, environment, public health, agriculture and media. These institutions may carry out one or more programs at the same time or participate in the activities of third-tier institutions and give them advice. The important point is that education is the focus of all these institutions. The basis of this education is Bahai teachings for all age groups.
Since Baha’i-inspired institutions are run as non-governmental organizations, they can use the public budgets that governments consider for these organizations, or they can get tax exemptions if individuals or companies make financial contributions to these organizations. For example, we can refer to Badi Foundation. This foundation was opened in 1989 by the spirit of Shoghi’s wife Maxwell in the autonomous region of China called Macao and registered as a non-governmental organization in 1990. In 2011, this institution registered a joint fund with the Chinese Charity Federation to support rural development organizations and programs and to build moral capacity in teenagers. According to the annual report of this institution in 2017, this institution has received donations from 283 individuals and one company. The total amount of donations in 2017 is more than one million dollars.
In another measure, some institutions may establish their own affiliated schools. These institutions can be considered from the perspective of fixed sources of income for the said institution or foundation. For example, at the beginning of its foundation, Badi Foundation established a school called the School of Nations. This school first started its activity in the kindergarten and preschool period, and then during the following years, it expanded its activities to the high school level. In another measure, some institutions may establish their own affiliated schools. These institutions can be considered from the perspective of fixed sources of income for the said institution or foundation. For example, at the beginning of its foundation, Badi Foundation established a school called the School of Nations. This school first started its activities in the kindergarten and preschool period, and then during the following years, it developed its activities up to the high school level.
In addition, institutions inspired by the Baha’i religion use the facilities and public assistance of the people of the region to launch and develop their development programs. For example, when the Ahadiya Institute in Central Africa decided to hold a classroom for children, it used community mothers as children’s teachers. These mothers had limited literacy and participated in short-term courses to acquire the necessary skills. As another example, when it was decided to add a dining room to the classroom, it was the community members who helped build this space.
Institutions inspired by the Bahá’í faith, by implementing programs such as banking, in addition to helping people in the community, provide financial resources for Bahá’í organizations and generate income for service projects. ECTA Institute in Nepal has been working on this program for almost two decades. In this program, groups of 10 to 30 people were given banking training. They would start saving a small amount of money and then the loan would be given to the members at a reasonable interest. These banks were completely managed by individuals. Part of the profit from the loans was divided among them in proportion to the share of individuals, and the other part is used as financial resources of Baha’i organizations for social economic development.[42] This project was also implemented in other countries such as Honduras.
Some Bahá’í-inspired organizations may collect money for other Bahá’í-inspired organizations. For example, we can mention Vahdat Foundation, which is located in Luxembourg. It raises money for Baha’i-inspired institutions in Africa, South Asia and Latin America that have educational programs. Between 2011 and 2015, this institute has managed to collect three million euros for its sponsored projects, namely “Preparation for Social Action” and local schools.
United Nations projects (Bahá’í Organization’s financial resources with projects)
The Baha’i community started its cooperation with the United Nations since 1925 under Shoghi’s efforts. After the formation of the United Nations, the Baha’i community has always been present in various commissions of the United Nations as a consultant through the Baha’i World Community Foundation. This institution helps institutions inspired by the Baha’i faith to be present in the implementation of United Nations projects in different countries. For example, the community gardening project by the United Nations Development Organization was implemented in most of the projects with small financial resources in Mongolia. The purpose of this program was to include vegetables in people’s diet. In carrying out the above project, he organized the necessary educational programs and seminars, including land preparation, planting and harvesting methods, pickling and cooking techniques, and encouraging households to participate in this project.
The Baha’i community propagates Baha’ism under the cover of socio-economic development programs in order to increase the Baha’i population in the world. Although the administrative body of the Amr community, Bayt al-Adl, always supports these programs, but before that, it encourages people from different communities to participate in projects through ways such as donations, God’s rights, direct financial assistance, or indirect assistance. In the meantime, institutions inspired by the Baha’i faith, in addition to managing these activities, are gradually generating income in the form of consulting and educational services. In addition to this, the Baha’i community, while using the opportunity provided by the international projects of the United Nations and its institutions to be present in different countries, use the financial resources allocated by these projects to provide financial resources for the Baha’i organizations and implement the plan and promote the Baha’i faith
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- دادگستر
- bahaifact.com
